Page 9 - IDEA Study 02 2020 Recruitment of Researchers

WHERE DO UNIVERSITIES RECRUIT RESEARCHERS? 2020 where affiliation-id is the unique ID of the university, ScopusCode is the unique code of the discipline derived from the code from the Scopus Subject Classification, ar indicates the document type “article” and 2018 is the year of publication. The CSV files contain names, affiliations and the unique Scopus AuthorID of all authors. Due to the Scopus CSV download limit, we only obtained the first 2,000 articles sorted in descending order by the date of publication in each search (this limit applies to only three university-field combinations covered in this study). In the next step, the authors affiliated with the relevant universities were separated from their co-authors who are affiliated with other organizations. For this purpose of indentifying whether the authors worked at the respective university, we manually created a list of name variants, which contains not only different versions of the university names in English and the local languages, but also shortcuts, department names and addresses. We also created a list of city name variants, for cities in which the universities are located. By gradually adding university name variants into the list, we have successfully confirmed the associations of more than 99.5% of the articles downloaded with the relevant university. We have only included workplaces directly incorporated into the university structure, not those which are affiliated but formally independent workplaces, such as university hospitals. Some of the current researchers are simultanously affiliated to multiple workplaces, and it is difficult to determine where they are based. However, these are a minority. About 80% of current researchers have only one affiliation and this share is fairly consistent across universities and disciplines (see data in Annex A1 ). Hence, this is not likely to bias the results significantly. Initial affiliation For each researcher in the dataset, we determine whether she started her research career in the same university (or city) as her current affiliation. The researchers who published at least one article with affiliation to their current university during the first twelve months of their publication activity are marked as originating from the same place. In other words, they had some initial connection to the institution where they are based now. To determine this, we downloaded the full journal article publication track record of all researchers currently associated with the universities and disciplines covered in this study using the Scopus API query as follows: AU-ID(authorID) AND DOCTYPE(ar) where authorID is the unique Scopus ID of the researcher and ar indicates the document type of “article”. In the next step, we selected all articles published within twelve months after the author’s first publication. If at least one of these articles included affiliation with the author’s current university (or city), she was marked as originally from ‘inside.’ The same list of name variants was used as when we identified current researchers. Since this list only contains existing 7