Page 22 - IDEA Study 02 2020 Recruitment of Researchers

WHERE DO UNIVERSITIES RECRUIT RESEARCHERS? 2020 Figure 11: Initial affiliation of current researchers Figure 12  complements the overall piSctoucrieawl Sitchiednetcaeils on where the researchers who started their careers abroad originated and information on the difference between seniors and juniors University of Warsaw University of Szeged in this regard. Hence, it also measures changes in their composition over time. Domestic Foreign Charles University It is important to realize, however, that the researchers originating from abroad may not necessarily be foreigners. It may well be that some are in fact citizens of the country in which Masaryk University KU Leuven the university is located, who began their research abroad and eventually returned to their Lund University Palacky University The Visegrad universities continue to hireTerleAsvievaUrncivheresirtys trained abroad to a fairly limited extent. I n c o n t r a s t , t h e W e s t e r n u n i v e r s i t i e s nUonitverosintyl oyf Veiemnnpa l o y f a r m o r e r e s e a r c h e r s w i t h f o r e i g n backgrounds, but also increasingly morCeomoefnituhs Uenmiverfsritoy m the junior category. In this respect, homeland. the gulf between the East and West is deepening. University of Copenhagen University of Amsterdam As can be expected, in the Western universities, most of the flows come from one Western Heidelberg University country to another, especially within WUnievesrtseitrynof CEamubrroidpge. However, the advent of researchers originating from other parts of the world isEsTHtrZiükricnhg, most prominently from China and other developing countries. Stanford University Oxford University In the Visegrad universities, the dominant category are also researchers originally trained Princeton University in Western countries, who in this context are quite likely to be returnees. Interestingly, Eastern 100% 75% 50% 25% 0% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% EuroperepresentsaAredilfafetrievnteolrygalniimzatiotendsourceofresearchers,notonlyfortheWesternuniversities The same university but also for the Visegrad area, despite geographical, historical and cultural proximity. Note: Only researchers publishing in 2018 with a first article published before 2013. Source: Scopus. Medicine Immunology and Microbiology Neuroscience Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering Chemistry Earth and Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Mathematics Physics and Astronomy Social Sciences Medicine Immunology and Microbiology Neuroscience Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering Chemistry Earth and Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Mathematics Physics and Astronomy Social Sciences 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Figure 12: Initial affiliation abroad by region (% of total current researchers) Seniors Western universities Juniors Seniors Visegrad universities Juniors 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% United States Western Europe Other developed countries Eastern Europe China Developing countries Note: Eastern Europe includes all European countries that were part of the former communist block. Western Europe refers to all other European countries. Other developed countries include Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korean and Taiwan. Developing countries is the residual category. Researchers with initial affiliations to multiple foreign countries were assigned fractionally. Source: Scopus. 20